A basic understanding
Talked about on another blog post, there is a scenario where 1 guy is calling his wife in New York from Florida. He speaks into his phone microphone and it picks up his voice in soundwave patterns. How can this voice carry all the way to up the coast to New York? The magic of this happens in the in the Analog to Digital Converter (ADC). These soundwaves are basically put on a graph and then correspond to a number, lets say 1-5 for the simplicity.
The numbers that now correspond to a specific point in the soundwave are then traveling up to New York. These numbers are then converted into binary numbers either a 1 or a 0. In order to read the difference between these 2 numbers, we could say that more electrons are sent with the 1 and none are sent with the 0. This makes a clear distinction.
How the 1 and 0 corresponds to the numbers 1-5. The 1-5 is just an example and the real numbers representing the sound waves can go much higher. Lets say that the sound wave is displayed as 1-4-3. The sequence of binary numbers is always broken into 3 numbers. This means that 1 is 001. 4 is 100. 3 is 011. When all of these waves are put together with their binary code, it would look something like 001 100 011 010 100 001… and so on.
Once reaching, they are put into the reverse machine, a Digital to Analog Converter (DAC), which translates the binary code back into sound waves. What is amazing about this whole process is the speed it happens in. There might be a 1 second delay across 13 states allowing us to have real time conversations.